<text>Is it a mammal?,2,3Is it a carnivore?,24,6Is it a bird?,26,4Is it an insect?,12,5Is it a reptile?,118,14Is it usually a domesticated animal?,16,7Is it a rodent?,66,8Is it a member of the deer family?,103,9Is it a marsupial?,60,10Is it really big?,58,11Does it fly?,46,50Does it fly?,13,37Is it a beetle?,61,23Does it live in the water?,15,41Is it a fish?,117,19Do we get wool from it?,Sheep,17Is it omnivorous?,Pig,18Do people ride them?,108,67Is it a crustacean?,106,20Is it a mollusk?,21,34Is it a bivalve?,22,AbaloneDoes it live in the sand or mud?,Clam,OysterWas it once in a cocoon?,Butterfly,38Is it a feline?,31,25Is it a member of the dog family?,28,78Is it a predator?,62,27Is it a sea bird?,49,63Is it a domesticated dog?,114,29Is it a wild dog?,Dingo,30Does it live in the New World?,84,JackalIs it a solitary hunter?,32,LionDoes it have stripes?,77,33Does it have retractable claws?,35,CheetahIs it an amphibian?,56,130Does it live in South America?,105,36Does it have ring-like spots?,Leopard,CougarIs it an arachnid?,110,39Do they lay eggs in decaying flesh?,Fly,96Are they social insects?,40,43Do they eat wood?,Termite,AntIs it a mollusk?,42,Earth WormDoes it have a shell?,Snail,Banana SlugIs it a predator?,Praying Mantis,44Does it have many legs?,45,48Does it roll up into a ball?,Sow Bug,CentapedeDoes it drink blood?,Vampire Bat,47Does it eat insects?,Bat,Fruit BatDoes it feed on blood?,Flea,GrasshopperDo they have very large wings?,Albatross,Sea GullIs it a primate?,51,74Is it a great ape?,55,52Is it a New World monkey?,53,54Is it quite small?,Spider Monkey,Capuchin MonkeyIs it a very large member of monkey family?,Baboon,Rhesus MonkeyIs it the largest great ape?,Gorilla,79Does it have a tail?,Salamander,57Does it have warty skin?,Toad,FrogDoes it have a trunk?,Elephant,59Does it spend most of the time in the water?,132,73Does it live in the New World?,Opposum,122Is it a dung beetle?,Scarab,June BugIs it the biggest raptor?,Eagle,HawkIs it a domesticated animal?,64,68Is it a water bird?,65,ChickenDoes it have a long neck?,Goose,DuckDoes it spend most of its time in the water?,82,69Is it a ruminant?,133,RabbitDoes it drill holes in trees?,Woodpecker,72Does it have a scaly tail?,81,70Does it have sharp quills?,Porcupine,71Does it live in trees?,Squirrel,WoodchuckCan it fly?,124,98Does it have a long neck?,Giraffe,RhinoIs it a member of the horse family?,Zebra,75Does it have a hump or 2?,116,76Is it a ruminant?,Gnu,91Is it a house cat?,Tabby Cat,TigerDoes it have a white stripe down its back?,Skunk,86Does it have very long arms?,80,83Does it live in groups?,Gibbons,OrangutanIs it less than 2 inches long?,Mouse,RatDoes it build dams?,Beaver,MuskratIs it bipedal?,Human,ChimpanezeDoes it hunt in packs?,Wolf,85Are they sometimes red?,Fox,CoyoteDoes it live in the water?,87,93Does it have flippers?,88,90Does it have external ears?,Sea Lion,89Does it have tusks?,Walrus,SealCan it be 30 feet long?,Orca,DolphinHas it been mistaken for a mermaid?,Manatee,92Does it hang upsidedown from trees?,Sloth,100Is it a member of the bear family?,94,101Does it live in the artic?,95,Grizzly BearIs it white?,Polar Bear,Kodiak BearDoes it produce honey?,97,112Does it live in a group hive?,Honey Bee,Bumble BeeDoes it have long legs?,99,KiwiDoes it live in South America?,Emu,OstrichIs it a burrowing insectivore?,Mole,123Is it a member of the weasel family?,102,125Can it kill a cobra?,Mongoose,WeaselIs it a deer?,mule deer,104Is it the largest deer in Europe?,Elk,MooseIs it small?,Ocelot,JaguarDoes it have a broad roundish shell?,Crab,107Does it have big claws?,Lobster,PrawnIs it smaller than a horse?,109,HorseIs it a sterile hybrid?,Mule,AssIs it a spider?,111,ScorpionIs it big and hairy?,Taranula,Black Widow SpiderIs it a wasp?,113,MosquitoDoes it make a hanging paper nest?,Hornet,Yellow JacketIs it a short-haired dog?,115,134Does it have long floppy ears?,Beagle,136Does it live in South America?,135,CamelDoes it have a true bony skeleton?,Tuna,SharkIs it a snake?,Rattle Snake,119Is it a turtle?,120,121Does it live in the ocean?,Sea Turtle,Snapping TurtleDoes it hunt in the water?,Crocodile,LizardDoes it have long and powerful hind legs?,Kangaroo,Koala BearDoes it lay eggs?,Platypus,128Is it a long-legged water bird?,Egret,126Is it a member of the Raccoon family?,Raccoon,BadgerDoes it loudly imitate other birds?,127,RobinDoes it live in the tropics?,Parrot,Mocking BirdDoes it look like a bear?,Giant Panda,129Is it covered with bony scales of armor?,Armadillo,AardvarkDoes it have tentacles?,131,EelDoes it have a long tapered body?,Squid,OctopusCan it be the largest animal in the world?,Whale,HippopotamusIs it used mainly for milk and meat?,Cow,Water BuffaloIs it used in hunting?,Golden Retreiver,CollieDo they make expensive coats from its hair?,Alpaca,LlamaDoes it look like a fox?,Fox Terrier,Doberman</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>22</id>
<text>Are they social insects?Are they sometimes red?Can it be 30 feet long?Can it be the largest animal in the world?Can it fly?Can it kill a cobra?Do people ride them?Do they eat wood?Do they have very large wings?Do they lay eggs in decaying flesh?Do they make expensive coats from its hair?Do we get wool from it?Does it build dams?Does it drill holes in trees?Does it drink blood?Does it eat insects?Does it feed on blood?Does it fly?Does it hang upsidedown from trees?Does it have a broad roundish shell?Does it have a hump or 2?Does it have a long neck?Does it have a long tapered body?Does it have a scaly tail?Does it have a shell?Does it have a tail?Does it have a true bony skeleton?Does it have a trunk?Does it have a white stripe down its back?Does it have big claws?Does it have external ears?Does it have flippers?Does it have long and powerful hind legs?Does it have long floppy ears?Does it have long legs?Does it have many legs?Does it have retractable claws?Does it have ring-like spots?Does it have sharp quills?Does it have stripes?Does it have tentacles?Does it have tusks?Does it have very long arms?Does it have warty skin?Does it hunt in packs?Does it hunt in the water?Does it lay eggs?Does it live in a group hive?Does it live in groups?Does it live in South America?Does it live in the artic?Does it live in the New World?Does it live in the ocean?Does it live in the sand or mud?Does it live in the tropics?Does it live in the water?Does it live in trees?Does it look like a bear?Does it look like a fox?Does it loudly imitate other birds?Does it make a hanging paper nest?Does it produce honey?Does it roll up into a ball?Does it spend most of its time in the water?Does it spend most of the time in the water?Has it been mistaken for a mermaid?Is it a beetle?Is it a bird?Is it a bivalve?Is it a burrowing insectivore?Is it a carnivore?Is it a crustacean?Is it a deer?Is it a domesticated animal?Is it a domesticated dog?Is it a dung beetle?Is it a feline?Is it a fish?Is it a great ape?Is it a house cat?Is it a long-legged water bird?Is it a mammal?Is it a marsupial?Is it a member of the bear family?Is it a member of the deer family?Is it a member of the dog family?Is it a member of the horse family?Is it a member of the Raccoon family?Is it a member of the weasel family?Is it a mollusk?Is it a New World monkey?Is it a predator?Is it a primate?Is it a reptile?Is it a rodent?Is it a ruminant?Is it a sea bird?Is it a short-haired dog?Is it a snake?Is it a solitary hunter?Is it a spider?Is it a sterile hybrid?Is it a turtle?Is it a very large member of monkey family?Is it a wasp?Is it a water bird?Is it a wild dog?Is it an amphibian?Is it an arachnid?Is it an insect?Is it big and hairy?Is it bipedal?Is it covered with bony scales of armor?Is it less than 2 inches long?Is it omnivorous?Is it quite small?Is it really big?Is it small?Is it smaller than a horse?Is it the biggest raptor?Is it the largest deer in Europe?Is it the largest great ape?Is it used in hunting?Is it used mainly for milk and meat?Is it usually a domesticated animal?Is it white?Was it once in a cocoon?</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>24</id>
<text>Are they social insects?Are they sometimes red?Can it be 30 feet long?Can it be the largest animal in the world?Can it fly?Can it kill a cobra?Do people ride them?Do they eat wood?Do they have very large wings?Do they lay eggs in decaying flesh?Do they make expensive coats from its hair?Do we get wool from it?Does it build dams?Does it drill holes in trees?Does it drink blood?Does it eat insects?Does it feed on blood?Does it fly?Does it hang upsidedown from trees?Does it have a broad roundish shell?Does it have a hump or 2?Does it have a long neck?Does it have a long tapered body?Does it have a scaly tail?Does it have a shell?Does it have a tail?Does it have a true bony skeleton?Does it have a trunk?Does it have a white stripe down its back?Does it have big claws?Does it have external ears?Does it have flippers?Does it have long and powerful hind legs?Does it have long floppy ears?Does it have long legs?Does it have many legs?Does it have retractable claws?Does it have ring-like spots?Does it have sharp quills?Does it have stripes?Does it have tentacles?Does it have tusks?Does it have very long arms?Does it have warty skin?Does it hunt in packs?Does it hunt in the water?Does it lay eggs?Does it live in a group hive?Does it live in groups?Does it live in South America?Does it live in the artic?Does it live in the New World?Does it live in the ocean?Does it live in the sand or mud?Does it live in the tropics?Does it live in the water?Does it live in trees?Does it look like a bear?Does it look like a fox?Does it loudly imitate other birds?Does it make a hanging paper nest?Does it produce honey?Does it roll up into a ball?Does it spend most of its time in the water?Does it spend most of the time in the water?Has it been mistaken for a mermaid?Is it a beetle?Is it a bird?Is it a bivalve?Is it a burrowing insectivore?Is it a carnivore?Is it a crustacean?Is it a deer?Is it a domesticated animal?Is it a domesticated dog?Is it a dung beetle?Is it a feline?Is it a fish?Is it a great ape?Is it a house cat?Is it a long-legged water bird?Is it a mammal?Is it a marsupial?Is it a member of the bear family?Is it a member of the deer family?Is it a member of the dog family?Is it a member of the horse family?Is it a member of the Raccoon family?Is it a member of the weasel family?Is it a mollusk?Is it a New World monkey?Is it a predator?Is it a primate?Is it a reptile?Is it a rodent?Is it a ruminant?Is it a sea bird?Is it a short-haired dog?Is it a snake?Is it a solitary hunter?Is it a spider?Is it a sterile hybrid?Is it a turtle?Is it a very large member of monkey family?Is it a wasp?Is it a water bird?Is it a wild dog?Is it an amphibian?Is it an arachnid?Is it an insect?Is it big and hairy?Is it bipedal?Is it covered with bony scales of armor?Is it less than 2 inches long?Is it omnivorous?Is it quite small?Is it really big?Is it small?Is it smaller than a horse?Is it the biggest raptor?Is it the largest deer in Europe?Is it the largest great ape?Is it used in hunting?Is it used mainly for milk and meat?Is it usually a domesticated animal?Is it white?Was it once in a cocoon?</text>
<text>This is a free stackbased on a well known example of a simple artificial intelligence system. It sets up a binary tree of information which the program uses to give the appearance of a surprising amount of intelligence.I wrote it for a bright young friend, then realized that others might be interested and wrote a set of instructions geared toward a younger group of users. I hope the tone of the instructions doesn't prevent older hyperCard users from giving the stack a whirl as I think it's kinda neat.Copyright 1988 byRichard Lee Floyd5326 Silva Ave.El Cerrito, CA 94530Selling this stack is prohibited.Watch for a truly useful HyperCard stack: "ffdb+ ", the keyword indexed freeform database, searchable by fields, for importing, storing, finding, and exporting any kind of text information. It will even print a bibliograhy for you.{click mouse to continue}</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>15</id>
<text>HELP!!!</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>16</id>
<text>This game is called "Animals" and although it can learn from experience just like any animal, that's not how it got its name. What else would you call a gifted guesser of animal names? Let's just call it or her or him theMacAnimal. theMacAnimal can be intelligentΓÇö and can be VERY intelligent if you are a good teacher. theMacAnimal begins life knowing very little but is eager to learn from you (it does get a bit arrogant and boastful at times but I suspect that it's trying to hide its humble beginnings from us).When you start the game, you'll see a white box with dotted lines at the top of the screen that says "Think of an animal. I'll try to guess what it is." That's theMacAnimal's Communication Window where it will ask you questions and give you its guesses and comments.There are 2 white buttons below the Communication Window that you click on to talk back to theMacAnimal. The right one usually says "No" and the left one "Yes", but keep your eyes open because the names change sometimes.{click the mouse to continue; click with shiftKey down to return to game}</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>17</id>
<text>At the beginning of the game, the left talkBack button says "OK, I thought of one" and the right one says "Machines can't think!" If you click on "OK, I thought of one", theMacAnimal will begin to ask you questions and the talkBack buttons will change to "Yes" and "No". It's pretty easy to see that you answer the question by clicking on the "Yes" or "No' buttons. If you move the mouse pointer into the Communication Window while theMacAnimal is waiting for your answer, the mouse pointer that looks like a hand will turn into a Stop sign. If you don't want to answer the question, then click the mouse button when you see the Stop sign. theMacAnimal might not like it when you do this but what can it do except be sarcastic about it!If theMacAnimal quesses your animal it will tell you so. If it can't quess your animal, it will ask you what the right answer is. Now comes the most important part of teaching theMacAnimal to be very intelligent. For example, if your animal was a "Tiger" and theMacAnimal guessed "Wolf, she would ask you "What is a question that would distinguish between a Tiger and a Wolf?" Think about what you might ask.{click the mouse to continue; click with shiftKey down to return to game}</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>18</id>
<text>What did you come up with? If you just did it off the top of your head, you might ask "Does it have stripes?" That's not bad but theMacAnimal would be more intelligent if you taught it a question like: "Is it a member of the cat family? or "Is it a feline?" or "Is it a member of the dog family?"Do you get the idea? Later on, you might think of a Tiger, which is also a feline, and when theMacAnimal asks for a question to tell the difference between a Lion and a Tiger, then you could type "Does it have stripes?"After you have told theMacAnimal the question, it will ask you which animal is the "Yes" answer and which is the "No" answer. Let's use the example above: you typed "Does it have stripes" when your animal was a "Tiger" and theMacAnimal guessed Lion. It would ask: "Is this question true for a "Tiger" or a "Lion" and you would click "Tiger"A couple seconds or so after you have answer this question, you can start playing again with a new animal for theMacAnimal to guess. The buttons and the Communication Window will change to let you know its time for a new turn.{click the mouse to continue; click with shiftKey down to return to game}</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>19</id>
<text>The "New Game?" button at the bottom left of the card is for starting the game over again if you don't like the questions that you have taught theMacAnimal. After you play with it for awhile, you get a better feel for the kinds of questions that are the most intelligent to ask. If you want to erase everything that you have taught theMacAnimal, click this button and answer the questions that are asked. The new game will start with 1 question: "Is it a mammal?" The "Yes" answer will be "Elephant" and the "No" answer will be "Robin."Now you might want to save your first try because it WAS your first try. If so, you can start a new stack with a different name like "Animal 2" or "The Real Animal" by using the "New Game?" button also. When you click this button, it will give you a chance to setup a new stack. When you setup the new stack, theMacAnimal will ask you to give the subject of the new game. If you want a new copy of "Animal" then answer "Animal" when it asks you. Then it will ask you what the first question should be. If you like the "Is it a Mammal" first question, then type that.{click the mouse to continue; click with shiftKey down to return to game}</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>20</id>
<text>Then it will ask you for the thing that is true or Yes for the question. You might type "Elephant" like the original stack or anything else you think is better. Finally, it will ask you for the false or No answer. You could type "Robin" as with the original or anything else you like better.After you have answered all these questions, HyperCard will put up a "New Stack Dialog Box." At the bottom of the dialog box you'll see "New Stack Name:" and below that a small box with a blinking "|". Type the name for the new stack there and click "OK". DON'T change the "x" in the "Copy Current Background" box at the very bottom of the dialog box!!If you decide to make a new stack of questions, you don't have to make it about animals. You can make it anything you like. For example, you could setup an intelligent stack that quesses sports stars or movie stars or rock stars or whatever you want. Just type the subject name you want when theMacAnimal asks for a subject name, then type the new first question and so on.{click the mouse to continue; click with shiftKey down to return to game}{click the mouse to continue}</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>27</id>
<text>ΓÇóΓÇóΓÇóΓÇóΓÇó theMacAnimal Can Also Pick an Animal for You to Guess ΓÇóΓÇóΓÇóΓÇóΓÇóAfter you have taught it some animals and questions, it can pick an animal and you can ask it questions. A button at the bottom left of the card says"Let Me Ask You." As soon as you click that button, a new field will suddenly show up below the talkBack buttons. It has all the questions that you taught theMacAnimal, in alphabetical order.The Communication Window will tell you that theMacAnimal has picked an animal for you to quess. You ask questions by clicking on any word in the question you want to ask. It will put "I'm Thinking..." in the Communication Window and the mouse pointer will change to a wristwatch while it thinks for a second or so about your question.When it's through thinking, it will tell you "Yes, that's true about my Animal" or "No, that's not true about my Animal." Sometimes it hasn't learned enough to answer and it will say "I'm sorry. I'm afraid I don't know whether that question is true or false about my Animal."{click the mouse to continue; click with shiftKey down to return to game}</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>28</id>
<text>The talkBack buttons say "Let Me Guess" and "I Give Up" when theMacAnimal is answering your questions. When you think you know what the animal is, click the "Let Me Guess" button, then type the name of the animal you think theMacAnimal is thinking about. If you are right, it will congratulate you and tell you how many questions you asked. If you can't figure out what it's animal is, then click the "I Give Up" button and it will tell you the animal it was thinking about.You can use theMacAnimal to help you study or learn things. When you try to figure out what questions to ask, it makes you think about the differences between things or ideas. That is the biggest part of learning about some new area of knowledge. After you have taught theMacAnimal how to guess correctly, you or a friend could use it to review the subject.Good Luck and Have Fun[only the cat knows who I am]{click the mouse to return to the game}</text>
<text> Scripting Notes for Those Interested The core of this stack is a binary tree that is implemented as linked lists in the hidden field "bTree". Its inspiration came from an analogy to LISP's cons space. Each line of the field is a 3-element list, or 3-item line in hyperCard notation. The first item is the question node of the tree; the second is the true- or yes-branch of the tree; the third is the false- or no-branch of the tree. A binary tree is really a collection of choices, expressed as questions with only true or false answers, that lead to a particular piece of information. In a tree with 100 questions, there would be 101 pieces of info stored. The usefulness of the tree structure is in reducing the number of pieces of info examined before the wanted piece is found. Instead of making up to 101 separate choices (is this one it or not it) , you probably would make only 7 or 8 choices to find the wanted piece of info. In the optimal case, each question would be chosen to divide the possibilities exactly in half with each one answered. Either branch can be a terminal leaf containing the animal name or a pointer to the next node or question. This pointer is the line number which contains the next question and its branches. I started with a nice elegant recursive "askQuestion" handler but had to revert to an iterative solution upon discovering the severe recursion limits of hyperCard. HyperCard has a 30K stack which pooped out at the 14th node with "too much recursion". This limitation drove me CRAZY for too long as it popped up in other unlikely places with no obvious relationship to stack limits (it quits recursing with 8K left in stack; this limited stack means that you may run out of space after only a couple of recursive calls to a function or command if it is called from another handler which also consumes stack space). I assume this limit is there to allow HC t work in 750K but it sure is frustrating with an otherwise very modern language. When the user enters a new name, a new question node/line number/address is obtained from the hidden field "freeList" (which is then incremented). The new line number is inserted in the appropriate true or false branch of the question node containing the old leaf, and the new question, old leaf and new leaf are inserted in the new line of the field. That is, the old leaf is replaced by a pointer to the next node in the path to the old leaf. This node is the final question that distinguishes oldLeaf from newLeaf. It's not as complex as it first seems as you eventually get the concept that you only need to think of it one question at a time and that each question has exactly the same form. This traditional part was easy. When I decided to go another step & allow the Mac to select a name which the user would try to guess, I didn't realize the frustrations in store for me! For speed, each animal or leaf is stored in the hidden field "Leaves" along with its associated path thru the tree, i.e., the line numbers of the questions that lead to the leaf. This is obviously much faster than searching the tree each time a question is asked (which would be impossible anyway with the recursion limitations). Each time the program asks a question in the normal mode of the program, it appends the address (lineNum) of that question to the global "goalPath". If the user adds a new animal & question, this animal and the goalPath is added to field "Leaves" (true or false is appended to goalPath to show whether the animal is the Yes or No answer to that final question. The oldLeaf is also updated in field "Leaves". You can think of field "Leaves" as a dictionary where the meaning of any name IS the path thru the tree followed to find the name. Clicking the "Let Me Ask You" button shows an alphabetized list of the questions taught the program (field "QuestionsKnown") and causes the program to randomly select one of the leaves & its associated path thru the tree (goalPath). When the user clicks 1 of the questions, its lineNum is used to find the actual address (lineNum) in the tree indirectly thru the hidden field "ConsAddress". Finally, the path of the to-be-guessed name is checked to see if it contains this address. If it doesn't, the program returns "I don't know", otherwise the next item in the goalPath is compared to the true and false branches of the user question. Obviously, if this next item equals true or equals the true branch pointer of the question, the program answers "Yes, that's true for my animal", and returns "No, ..." if the next item is "false" or is the false branch pointer of the question. Thinking about binary trees is not intuitively obvious immediately: this last algorithm works because everything that leads from the true or false branch of a question node is true or false for that thing, no matter how far down the tree it might be. I gave the stack a personality by constructing groups of stock phrases for different occasions like the program quessing correctly or incorrectly. One of these phrases is randomly selected each time one is needed.</text>
</content>
<content>
<layer>background</layer>
<id>5</id>
<text>Think of an Animal.I'll try to quess what it is.</text>
.iso/mac/MAC/School House/Misc./Animal 1.7 /Animal 1.7 /BMAP_3253.png){kind=link}
.iso/mac/MAC/School House/Misc./Animal 1.7 /Animal 1.7 /PATs.png){kind=link}